a. Support & protect ion: head and neck - bones of the head and neck play a vital role in protecting the brain,sensory organs, nerves, blood vessels of the head and proctecting these structures from mechanical damage. movement of these bones by the attached muscles of the head provide for facial E×ρréššions, eating, speech and head movement.
Upper trunk with upper extremities- it will help in grasping and skilled movements.
Lower trunk with lower extremities- helps in weight bearing and locomotions.
Energy acquisition , nutrition, metabolism: head- brain plays important role in homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, brain integrates multiple peripheral metabolic inputs Such as nutrients, gut derived hormones, adiposity related signals.
Upper trunk- body energy metabolism is from three sources carbohydrates, lipids and protiens. During body working it will control the impulses in the body parts and controls the body's total kinetic energy.
Lower trunk- it will play vital role in transfer of mechanical energy from legs to trunk.
Transport of gases and fluids: head- binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is a function of partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Gases exchange and trasport is controlled by hemoglobin protien.
Upper trunk-lymphatic drainage is involving in tissue fluid moving , cellular debris and plasma protiens movement in the body.
Lower trunk- tissue in the lower will have less tahn normal cells hemoglobin.
Communication and regulations: head and neck- it includes brain, muscles, nerves, blood cells. Brain sends instructions through nerve cells such that body parts will work and communicate. All iq levels, mental status all controlled by brain.
Upper trunk- important in ensuring in postural control like sitting,mobility, development of upper extremity.
Lower trunk-leg is the lower extremity of the body extending from hip to the knee. it connects to the hip of the body. Regulation of movements, locomotion are the function s.
Homeostasis- head and neck includes bloodvessels, brain, facial parts, neck includes various glands that controls the body homeostasis. Body homeostasis controlled by majorly endocrine and nervous system s.
Upper trunk- regulation of body blood pressure, ph , temparature , glucose concentration are examples for body is under homeostasis.
Lower trunk- leg muscles , blood vessels , pressure are more sensitive to homeostasis.
Growth and development: head- neck are important in embryonic growth and development because it includes hormonal glands, sensary organs etc.
Upper trunk- in growth and development hands or upper trunks also plays important role from embryonic stage to senescence stage.
Lower trunk - legs also connects the hip to the upper portion of the body . Plays role in embryonic and adults growth and development.
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