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PHC-Hershey
Forum Expert
Baka po torrent ?
H Y B R i D 21
Forum Guru
To make it simple ts. Wag po tayo magtorrent kasi nagdodown ang ginagamit na servers..
a torrent file is a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
Log in or register now. that contains You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
Log in or register now. about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
Log in or register now., which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms.You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
Log in or register now. A torrent file does not contain the content to be distributed; it only contains information about those files, such as their names, sizes, folder structure, and You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
Log in or register now. for verifying file integrity. Depending on context, a torrent may be the torrent file or the referenced content.
Typically, used to pìrâ†é movies, video games, and music. Internet access is asymmetrical, supporting greater download speeds than upload speeds, limiting the bandwidth of each download, and sometimes enforcing bandwidth caps and periods where systems are not accessible. This creates inefficiency when many people want to obtain the same set of files from a single source; the source must always be online and must have massive outbound bandwidth. The BitTorrent protocol addresses this by decentralizing the distribution, leveraging the ability of people to network "You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.", among themselves.
Each file to be distributed is divided into small You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. called pieces. Downloading peers achieve rapid download speeds by requesting multiple pieces from different computers simultaneously in the swarm. Once obtained, these pieces are usually immediately made available for download by others in the swarm. In this way, the burden on the network is spread among the downloaders, rather than concentrating at a central distribution hub or cluster. As long as all the pieces are available, peers (downloaders and uploaders) can come and go; no one peer needs to have all the chunks, or to even stay connected to the swarm in order for distribution to continue among the other peers.
A small torrent file is created to represent a file or folder to be shared. The torrent file acts as the key to initiating downloading of the actual content. Someone interested in receiving the shared file or folder first obtains the corresponding torrent file, either by directly downloading it, or by using a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. The user then opens that file in a BitTorrent client, which automates the rest of the process. In order to learn the Internet locations of peers which may be sharing pieces, the client connects to the trackers named in the torrent file, and/or achieves a similar result through the use of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. Then the client connects directly to the peers in order to request pieces and otherwise participate in a swarm. The client may also report progress to trackers, to help the tracker with its peer recommendations. Usually used for piracy.
When the client has all the pieces, it assembles them into a usable form. It may also continue sharing the pieces, elevating its status to that of seeder rather than ordinary peer.
File structure[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
A torrent file contains a list of files and integrity metadata about all the pieces, and optionally contains a list of trackers.
A torrent file is a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. with the following keys (the keys in any bencoded dictionary are You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.):
A torrent file can also contain additional metadata defined in extensions to the BitTorrent specification.You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. These are known as "BitTorrent Enhancement Proposals." Examples of such proposals include metadata for stating who created the torrent, and when.
Draft extensions[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
These You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. are under consideration for standardization.
Distributed hash tables[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0005You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
A trackerless torrent dictionary does not have an announce key. Instead, a trackerless torrent has a nodes key:
{
...
'nodes': [["<host>", <port>]], [["<host>", <port>], ...]
...
}
For example,
'nodes': [["127.0.0.1", 6881]], [["your.router.node", 4804]]
The specification recommends that nodes "should be set to the K closest nodes in the torrent generating client's routing table. Alternatively, the key could be set to a known good node such as one operated by the person generating the torrent."
Multiple trackers[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0012You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support multiple trackers.
A new key, announce-list, is placed in the top-most dictionary (i.e. with announce and info)
{
...
'announce-list': [['<tracker1-url>']['<tracker2-url>']]
...
}
HTTP seeds[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0017You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support HTTP seeds.
A new key, httpseeds, is placed in the top-most list (i.e. with announce and info). This key's value is a list of web addresses where torrent data can be retrieved:
{
...
'httpseeds': ['You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.', 'You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.']
...
}
Private torrents[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0027You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support private torrents.
A new key, private, is placed in the info dictionary. This key's value is 1 if the torrent is private:
{
...
'private': 1
...
}
Merkle trees[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0030You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. The purpose is to reduce the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of torrent files, which reduces the burden on those that serve torrent files.
A torrent file using Merkle trees does not have a pieces key in the info list. Instead, such a torrent file has a root hash key in the info list. This key's value is the root hash of the Merkle hash:
{
...
'info': {
...
'root hash': e6bdebcc5d55da0a77f4bb1b57d88de794838577
...
}
...
}
Examples[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
Single file[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
Here is what a de-bencoded torrent file (with piece length 256 KiB = 262144 bytes) for a file debian-503-amd64-CD-1.iso (whose size is 678 301 696 bytes) might look like:
{
'announce': 'You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.',
'info':
{
'name': 'debian-503-amd64-CD-1.iso',
'piece length': 262144,
'length': 678301696,
'pieces': '841ae846bc5b6d7bd6e9aa3dd9e551559c82abc1...d14f1631d776008f83772ee170c42411618190a4'
}
}
Note: pieces here would be a 51 KiB value (You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.).
Multiple files[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
Here is what a de-bencoded torrent file (with 'piece length' 256 KiB = 262144 B) for two files, 111.txt and 222.txt, might look like:
{
'announce': 'You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.',
'info':
{
'name': 'directoryName',
'piece length': 262144,
'files':
[
{'path': ['111.txt'], 'length': 111},
{'path': ['222.txt'], 'length': 222}
],
'pieces': '6a8af7eda90ba9f851831073c48ea6b7b7e9feeb...8a43d9d965a47f75488d3fb47d2c586337a20b9f'
}
}
~wiki.
Typically, used to pìrâ†é movies, video games, and music. Internet access is asymmetrical, supporting greater download speeds than upload speeds, limiting the bandwidth of each download, and sometimes enforcing bandwidth caps and periods where systems are not accessible. This creates inefficiency when many people want to obtain the same set of files from a single source; the source must always be online and must have massive outbound bandwidth. The BitTorrent protocol addresses this by decentralizing the distribution, leveraging the ability of people to network "You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.", among themselves.
Each file to be distributed is divided into small You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. called pieces. Downloading peers achieve rapid download speeds by requesting multiple pieces from different computers simultaneously in the swarm. Once obtained, these pieces are usually immediately made available for download by others in the swarm. In this way, the burden on the network is spread among the downloaders, rather than concentrating at a central distribution hub or cluster. As long as all the pieces are available, peers (downloaders and uploaders) can come and go; no one peer needs to have all the chunks, or to even stay connected to the swarm in order for distribution to continue among the other peers.
A small torrent file is created to represent a file or folder to be shared. The torrent file acts as the key to initiating downloading of the actual content. Someone interested in receiving the shared file or folder first obtains the corresponding torrent file, either by directly downloading it, or by using a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. The user then opens that file in a BitTorrent client, which automates the rest of the process. In order to learn the Internet locations of peers which may be sharing pieces, the client connects to the trackers named in the torrent file, and/or achieves a similar result through the use of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. Then the client connects directly to the peers in order to request pieces and otherwise participate in a swarm. The client may also report progress to trackers, to help the tracker with its peer recommendations. Usually used for piracy.
When the client has all the pieces, it assembles them into a usable form. It may also continue sharing the pieces, elevating its status to that of seeder rather than ordinary peer.
File structure[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
A torrent file contains a list of files and integrity metadata about all the pieces, and optionally contains a list of trackers.
A torrent file is a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. with the following keys (the keys in any bencoded dictionary are You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.):
- announce—the URL of the tracker
- info—this maps to a dictionary whose keys are dependent on whether one or more files are being shared:
- files—a list of dictionaries each corresponding to a file (only when multiple files are being shared). Each dictionary has the following keys:
- length—size of the file in bytes.
- path—a list of strings corresponding to subdirectory names, the last of which is the actual file name
- length—size of the file in bytes (only when one file is being shared)
- name—suggested filename where the file is to be saved (if one file)/suggested directory name where the files are to be saved (if multiple files)
- piece length—number of bytes per piece. This is commonly 28 KiB = 256 KiB = 262,144 B.
- pieces—a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now., i.e., a concatenation of each piece's You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. hash. As SHA-1 returns a 160-bit hash, pieces will be a string whose length is a multiple of 160-bits. If the torrent contains multiple files, the pieces are formed by concatenating the files in the order they appear in the files dictionary (i.e. all pieces in the torrent are the full piece length except for the last piece, which may be shorter).
- files—a list of dictionaries each corresponding to a file (only when multiple files are being shared). Each dictionary has the following keys:
A torrent file can also contain additional metadata defined in extensions to the BitTorrent specification.You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. These are known as "BitTorrent Enhancement Proposals." Examples of such proposals include metadata for stating who created the torrent, and when.
Draft extensions[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
These You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. are under consideration for standardization.
Distributed hash tables[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0005You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
A trackerless torrent dictionary does not have an announce key. Instead, a trackerless torrent has a nodes key:
{
...
'nodes': [["<host>", <port>]], [["<host>", <port>], ...]
...
}
For example,
'nodes': [["127.0.0.1", 6881]], [["your.router.node", 4804]]
The specification recommends that nodes "should be set to the K closest nodes in the torrent generating client's routing table. Alternatively, the key could be set to a known good node such as one operated by the person generating the torrent."
Multiple trackers[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0012You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support multiple trackers.
A new key, announce-list, is placed in the top-most dictionary (i.e. with announce and info)
{
...
'announce-list': [['<tracker1-url>']['<tracker2-url>']]
...
}
HTTP seeds[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0017You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support HTTP seeds.
A new key, httpseeds, is placed in the top-most list (i.e. with announce and info). This key's value is a list of web addresses where torrent data can be retrieved:
{
...
'httpseeds': ['You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.', 'You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.']
...
}
Private torrents[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0027You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support private torrents.
A new key, private, is placed in the info dictionary. This key's value is 1 if the torrent is private:
{
...
'private': 1
...
}
Merkle trees[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
BEP-0030You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. extends BitTorrent to support You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. The purpose is to reduce the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of torrent files, which reduces the burden on those that serve torrent files.
A torrent file using Merkle trees does not have a pieces key in the info list. Instead, such a torrent file has a root hash key in the info list. This key's value is the root hash of the Merkle hash:
{
...
'info': {
...
'root hash': e6bdebcc5d55da0a77f4bb1b57d88de794838577
...
}
...
}
Examples[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
Single file[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
Here is what a de-bencoded torrent file (with piece length 256 KiB = 262144 bytes) for a file debian-503-amd64-CD-1.iso (whose size is 678 301 696 bytes) might look like:
{
'announce': 'You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.',
'info':
{
'name': 'debian-503-amd64-CD-1.iso',
'piece length': 262144,
'length': 678301696,
'pieces': '841ae846bc5b6d7bd6e9aa3dd9e551559c82abc1...d14f1631d776008f83772ee170c42411618190a4'
}
}
Note: pieces here would be a 51 KiB value (You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.).
Multiple files[You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.]
Here is what a de-bencoded torrent file (with 'piece length' 256 KiB = 262144 B) for two files, 111.txt and 222.txt, might look like:
{
'announce': 'You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.',
'info':
{
'name': 'directoryName',
'piece length': 262144,
'files':
[
{'path': ['111.txt'], 'length': 111},
{'path': ['222.txt'], 'length': 222}
],
'pieces': '6a8af7eda90ba9f851831073c48ea6b7b7e9feeb...8a43d9d965a47f75488d3fb47d2c586337a20b9f'
}
}
~wiki.
PHC-Hershey
Forum Expert
Kaumay magbasa paps hahaha
ayaw kasi nila mag wiki, so yung wiki pinapunta ko ditu.
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